There are numerous conditions affecting the lungs and bronchial tubes. Some of the most common types of bronchial disease include bronchitis, bronchial pneumonia, and asthma. Respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may cause a tightness in the upper airways, and typically is seen in conjunction with other bronchial disorders such as emphysema.
Bronchitis, either acute or chronic, is caused by an inflammation in the bronchial tubes. In the case of acute bronchitis, this could be a secondary infection following the common cold. Symptoms are low-grade fever, coughing, and an uncomfortable tightness or burning in the upper chest. It is generally treated with antibiotics. Chronic bronchitis may be caused from cigarette smoking or allergies.
Bronchial pneumonia is caused by a viral or bacterial infection. It generally affects the bronchial tubes and one or both lungs. Patches of bronchi are likely to become infected and inflamed, causing deep coughing, fever, and chills. Difficulty in breathing and chest pain may also be present. Patients who are experiencing severe symptoms from upper respiratory infections such as influenza, as well as those with compromised immunity, may be vulnerable to bronchial pneumonia.
COPD is typically seen in patients who have been smokers for several years. It can cause symptoms such as a chronic cough, shortness of breath, and tightness in the chest that can become progressively worse throughout the years. Factory workers who are exposed to certain chemicals or airborne contaminants may also be at risk for COPD. Airways surrounding the bronchi may become obstructed and inflamed, causing chronic symptoms.
Asthma is a chronic condition and type of bronchial disease that affects the lungs and upper airways. This condition can cause attacks that produce shortness of breath and wheezing. Coughing may be present as well. Bronchodilators are generally prescribed to allow an unrestricted passage of air to flow freely.
Patients with asthma may develop what is known as bronchial hyperactivity. This is a type of bronchial disease that causes certain muscles to contract more rapidly when exposed to conditions that cause involuntary response. When the respiratory tract becomes inflamed and irritated, this also may trigger temporary bronchial spasms.
Some infants are born with a bronchial disease known as congenital bronchiectasis. This causes a deformity of the upper airways leading to deterioration and unusual widening. This disease may also develop in childhood or adulthood, in which case it will be known as acquired bronchiectasis. In severe cases, bronchiectasis may cause a discoloration of skin tone, and the coughing up of blood. Drainage of excess respiratory secretions is an essential step in treating this bronchial disease.
Tracheobronchomalacia is another type of bronchial disease that may cause a complete collapse of the trachea and other bronchial problems. This generally occurs due to malformed or insufficient cartilage that has become brittle. With this rare disease, the windpipe may become extremely pliable, causing difficulty in breathing. This condition may be connected with COPD in some patients.