Understanding the distinction between a suppository and an enema is crucial for effective constipation relief. While both serve similar purposes, their applications and mechanisms differ significantly. A suppository, typically glycerin-based, is a solid or semi-solid medication inserted into the rectum, where it dissolves or melts to exert its effect. On the other hand, an enema involves introducing a liquid solution into the rectum via a nozzle to stimulate bowel movements, often used before medical procedures or for occasional constipation relief.
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) notes that enemas can be part of the bowel preparation for diagnostic procedures like colonoscopies. When comparing a suppository vs enema, it's essential to consider the specific circumstances and recommendations of healthcare professionals.
In most cases an enema and suppository are used for very similar things and work in a very similar way. Both the liquid found in an enema and the glycerin in laxative suppositories work to lubricate hardened stools so that they pass more easily. Enemas generally work more effectively at cleaning out the entire colon, as they have a farther reach and contain more medication with each use. Suppository laxatives, however, are generally safer and can be used for a longer period with fewer side effects. Glycerin, although a solid, quickly melts once inside the rectum and provides lubrication for hard to pass stools.
It is important that patients do not use an enema and suppository at the same time unless directed by a doctor. Enemas can cause damage to the colon if performed too often. Suppositories are not generally absorbed by the body, but they do cause rectal stimulation, and this can lead to problems of its own. If the rectal area is stimulated with a suppository too often, it may become difficult to pass stools without the added stimulus. This can lead to dependence on suppository laxatives.
Both an enema and suppository may be used for different things. The same type of bag and nozzle device used for the relief of constipation may also be used for feminine douching or to perform a vaginal rinse for infections. Suppositories can contain various types of medication and may be used to treat certain other illnesses or conditions, primarily nausea when an oral medication will not stay down.
If symptoms of constipation persist or become worse, patients should discontinue use of all medications and consult a doctor. In most cases, suppositories are symptom-free other than mild discomfort just after insertion. Enemas may cause mild abdominal cramping and strong urge to evacuate the bowels. Neither treatment should be used if constipation is accompanied by severe abdominal cramps, blood in the stools, nausea, vomiting, or fever without consulting a physician.
Many people use the terms enema and suppository interchangeably. They can have similar applications and outcomes, but they work differently. Knowing how they differ helps you find the right solution.
Enemas inject liquid into your rectum to stimulate your bowels. They’re often used to relieve constipation.
A suppository is a pill or plug inserted into your rectum, urethra, or vagina. It melts with your body heat and administers the contained medicine to your entire body system.
What Is an Enema?
There are two broad types of enemas: cleansing and retention. A cleansing enema is an injection that stimulates bowel movements. It’s most commonly used to help someone who can’t get relief from constipation.
Medical professionals can administer retention enemas. For example, proctoclysis is a way to rehydrate people who can’t use intravenous therapy. Retention enemas typically stay in your system for about 15 minutes before being flushed out. This period ensures enough time for vitamins, minerals, or medication to enter your system.
How to Administer an Enema
You can give yourself an enema at home by following the instructions exactly. However, be careful with self-administration and ensure you’re using new or sterilized tools. If not, you could introduce harmful bacteria into your bowels.
Relax as much as possible before giving yourself an enema. Follow the instructions and move slowly to prevent damage to your rectum or colon. If you’re doing it properly, you won’t feel any pain—just some minor discomfort until you have a bowel movement.
Possible Side Effects of an Enema
People experiencing constipation can use an enema to promote a bowel movement. Other people find that enemas help flush toxins from their systems, though there’s no medical proof to support this. Regardless of your reasons for using an enema, you don’t want to do it too often.
Using enemas interrupts your body’s systems. You’re introducing new substances to your body, disrupting your gut health, and throwing off your typical bowel movement schedule.
Some enema solutions include ingredients that irritate your bowels to promote movement. This approach is effective in extreme moderation, but some acidic contents can damage your bowel if you use them too often.
What Is a Suppository?
Suppositories can relieve constipation, which is why many people associate them with enemas. However, some suppositories have different functions, and you don’t insert every type into the rectum.
In the medical field, a suppository is a common way to administer medication. Instead of taking a pill or getting a shot, you can insert a suppository in your rectum, vagina, or urethra. The gelatin or cocoa butter coating dissolves with your body heat and sends the medication into your system.
It might not seem like the preferred way to take medication, but it’s ideal for substances that are tough to swallow or don’t get absorbed thoroughly in other methods.
How to Administer a Suppository
Before inserting a suppository, you should try to empty your bowels completely. This step ensures you’ll have more time to absorb the medication before needing to have a bowel movement. If you don’t defecate before inserting a suppository, the stimulation might cause you to have a bowel movement and lose the medication.
You can add a lubricant to the suppository to insert it gently. The lubricant won’t negatively impact the delivery of the medication. Put your leg up on a chair or lie on your side to smoothly insert the suppository into your rectum. Stay still for at least 15 minutes to give it time to dissolve.
Possible Side Effects of a Suppository
Suppositories aren’t meant to be used often, so there are fewer associated side effects. However, you should know that some of the medication might leak out if you move too quickly after inserting a suppository so that you won’t get the full effect. It’s also possible to experience irritation when you insert a suppository.
What Should You Choose: Enema or Suppository?
Deciding between an enema or a suppository is a personal choice. You might be more comfortable with one compared to the other. Keep in mind that you can use either option if you’re treating constipation. But for medical suppositories, you’ll want to check with your doctor before use. Professionals can advise you as to which option is most effective.
